Gunite Pool Guide: Top Pros, Cons & Costs in 2024
If you’re considering adding a swimming pool to your backyard, you’ve likely come across the term gunite pool. But what exactly is a gunite pool, and why should you consider one for your home? Let’s break it down.
Key Points:
– Gunite Pool Definition: A gunite pool is a type of inground pool made from a mixture of sand, cement, and water that is sprayed into a custom shape and left to cure.
– Pool Types: There are three main types of inground pools: fiberglass, vinyl, and concrete (including gunite).
What Is A Gunite Pool?
A gunite pool is constructed by spraying a dry mix of cement and sand, combined at the nozzle with water, onto a framework of rebar. This method results in a highly durable and customizable pool structure, capable of lasting decades with proper care. Gunite’s flexibility in design makes it a popular choice for homeowners looking to create a unique backyard oasis.
Types of Inground Pools
- Fiberglass Pools: Pre-molded shells that are quick to install but offer limited design options.
- Vinyl Pools: Customizable in shape but generally less durable and may require liner replacements.
- Concrete (Gunite) Pools: The most customizable and durable option, ideal for those desiring a bespoke pool experience.
I’m David Brabant, the owner of Creative Edge Pools. With over thirty years of experience in the swimming pool and site development industry, I specialize in custom gunite pool design and installation. My goal is to help you turn your backyard into a personal paradise with a long-lasting, beautifully crafted gunite pool.
What is a Gunite Pool?
Gunite vs. Shotcrete
Gunite and shotcrete are terms you’ll often encounter when researching concrete pools. Both are forms of pneumatically applied concrete, meaning they are sprayed on using a high-pressure hose. But what sets them apart, and how did they come to be essential in pool construction?
The Basics: Gunite and Concrete
Gunite is a specific type of concrete. It’s a mixture of sand, cement, and water sprayed onto surfaces at high velocity. This method allows for incredible flexibility in shaping and designing pools.
Concrete, in general, has been a trusted building material for thousands of years. Ancient Romans used it to create structures that still stand today. Modern concrete is usually a mix of cement, sand, and aggregates like crushed stone or gravel. When water is added, it forms a paste that hardens over time.
A Bit of History: Carl Akely and the Invention of Gunite
The gunite process was invented in 1907 by Carl Akely, a taxidermist who needed a way to repair the Field Columbian Museum in Chicago. He developed a method to use pressurized air to push dry concrete mix through a hose, where it mixed with water at the nozzle before being sprayed. This innovation allowed for precise application and has since become a staple in pool construction.
Dry Mix vs. Wet Mix: Gunite vs. Shotcrete
The main difference between gunite and shotcrete lies in their preparation and application:
- Gunite is a dry mix. The dry components (cement and sand) are mixed at the job site, and water is added at the nozzle during application. This method offers better control over the mixture’s consistency.
- Shotcrete is a wet mix. The concrete is pre-mixed with water before being pumped through the hose. This method is quicker but requires careful handling to maintain consistency.
| Feature | Gunite | Shotcrete |
|---|---|---|
| Mix Type | Dry mix, water added at nozzle | Wet mix, pre-mixed with water |
| Application | High-pressure hose, mixed at job site | High-pressure hose, pre-mixed |
| Control | Better control over consistency | Requires careful handling |
| Usage in Pools | Highly customizable, ideal for intricate designs | Faster application, suitable for simpler designs |
Application Process
Both gunite and shotcrete are applied using a high-pressure hose, but the expertise of the nozzleman is crucial. This person controls the flow and ensures the mixture adheres properly to the surface.
Gunite:
1. Dry mix is brought to the site.
2. Water is added at the nozzle.
3. Sprayed onto the surface to form the pool’s structure.
Shotcrete:
1. Wet mix is prepared beforehand.
2. Pumped through the hose.
3. Sprayed onto the surface in a similar manner.
Why Choose Gunite?
Gunite pools offer unparalleled design flexibility and durability. The ability to control the mixture at the job site allows for precise application, making it ideal for complex designs and custom shapes. This method also ensures a strong, long-lasting structure that can withstand the test of time.
In the next section, we’ll dive into the pros of gunite pools, exploring why they are a popular choice for those looking to create a unique and durable backyard oasis.
Pros of Gunite Pools
Design Flexibility
One of the biggest advantages of a gunite pool is its design flexibility. Because gunite is sprayed into place, it can be shaped into almost any form you can imagine. Whether you want a freeform pool that mimics a natural lagoon or a sleek, modern geometric design, gunite can make it happen.
Example: *”Because it’s built with highly adaptable gunite, this custom pool boasts a free-flowing shape custom to the backyard’s configuration, as well as specialty features like a fountain shelf, integrated rock waterfall, and liftd spa with a tiered, trickling spillway.”*
Durability
Gunite pools are known for their durability. The gunite mixture, once cured, forms a rock-hard structure that can withstand various pressures and environmental conditions. This makes it a popular choice in places with shifting ground or frequent earthquakes, like California.
Fact: “It’s not a coincidence that in California—earthquake country—hundreds of thousands of homes have pools that are gunite.” source
Longevity
A well-maintained gunite pool can last for decades, even up to 100 years. This longevity makes it a worthwhile investment for homeowners looking for a long-term addition to their property. With proper care, a gunite pool can provide enjoyment for generations.
Aesthetic Quality
Gunite pools offer a high level of aesthetic quality. The smooth plaster finish provides a luxurious look, and you can choose from various finishes like tile or pebble to customize the appearance even further.
Quote: *”When you think of luxe, high-end pools, they’re concrete,” says Vernon. “They are undoubtedly the most expensive, but they are also the most durable.”*
Customization
The customization options for gunite pools are nearly endless. You can add features like waterfalls, spas, and custom lighting to make your pool unique. This level of customization allows homeowners to create a backyard oasis that fits their exact needs and preferences.
Example: “Gunite pools provide tremendous value with their superb resilience and all-around good looks.” source
In the next section, we’ll explore the cons of gunite pools, including construction time, cost, and maintenance requirements.
Cons of Gunite Pools
While gunite pools offer many benefits, there are also some downsides to consider. Let’s dive into the main cons of gunite pools: construction time, cost, maintenance, repairs, and curing time.
Construction Time
One of the biggest drawbacks of gunite pools is the lengthy construction time. Because they are custom-built on-site, the process can take several weeks to complete.
Example: *”Gunite swimming pools can take anywhere between six and eight weeks to complete from start to finish.”*
This extended timeline can be inconvenient for homeowners who want their pool ready for immediate use.
Cost
Gunite pools are generally more expensive than other types of pools, such as fiberglass. The cost can range from $50,000 to $100,000, depending on the complexity of the design and additional features.
Example: “Gunite pools typically range in price from $50,000 to $100,000.” source
This higher cost is due to the custom construction process, skilled labor, and materials required.
Maintenance
Maintaining a gunite pool can be more challenging than other pool types. The porous surface of gunite requires more chemicals to keep the water clean and algae-free.
Example: “Gunite pools are more difficult to maintain because they are porous, so they require more chemicals to keep the water clean.” source
Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure the pool remains in good condition.
Repairs
Gunite pools can crack if not constructed properly or if the ground underneath the pool settles. Repairs can be costly and time-consuming.
Example: “Yes, gunite pools can crack if they are not constructed properly or if the ground underneath the pool settles.” source
Working with a professional and experienced pool company can help minimize the risk of cracks.
Curing Time
After the gunite is sprayed, it needs time to cure. This process can take around 28 days before the next big step can be taken.
Example: “You need to wait a certain amount of time for gunite to fully cure. This can usually be around 28 days.” source
The curing time adds to the overall construction timeline and requires patience from homeowners.
In the next section, we’ll dig into the gunite pool construction process, including excavation, rebar installation, and more.
Gunite Pool Construction Process
Building a gunite pool is a detailed process that involves several key steps to ensure durability and a beautiful finish.
Excavation and Rebar Installation
The first step in constructing a gunite pool is excavation. Heavy machinery digs a hole that matches the pool’s design. This hole is where your pool will be formed.
Once the hole is ready, the next phase is installing the rebar. Rebar, or reinforcing steel bars, forms a cage-like structure within the hole. This steel framework is crucial for the pool’s strength and durability. The rebar cage is carefully suspended above the ground to ensure that it is fully encased in gunite later on.
Spraying Gunite
After the rebar cage is set, it’s time to spray the gunite. Gunite is a dry mix of sand and cement that is combined with water at the nozzle of a high-pressure hose. This mixture is then sprayed at high velocity onto the rebar cage.
A skilled nozzleman handles this task, ensuring that the gunite is applied evenly and thoroughly. One of the advantages of gunite over other materials is that it can be applied in stages. This means that if necessary, the application can pause and resume without compromising the pool’s structural integrity.
Curing and Plastering
Once the gunite is applied, it needs time to cure. The curing process allows the concrete to harden and reach its maximum strength. This typically takes about 28 days. During this time, the pool’s structure becomes solid and ready for the next steps.
After curing, the pool is plastered. Plastering is essential for waterproofing the pool and providing a smooth, attractive finish. This layer can be made of various materials, including plaster, tile, or an aggregate finish. The plaster not only seals the gunite but also adds to the pool’s overall aesthetic.
Finishing Touches
While the gunite cures, other elements of your backyard oasis can be installed. This might include pool coping, patios, and additional landscaping features. Once the curing period is complete, the pool undergoes final inspections and any necessary touch-ups.
Finally, the pool is filled with water, and any remaining features, such as water fountains or lighting, are added. At this point, your gunite pool is ready for use!
In the next section, we’ll look at the cost of gunite pools, including initial costs, customization options, and maintenance expenses.
Cost of Gunite Pools
Building a gunite pool is a significant investment. Let’s break down the costs involved, from the initial expense to ongoing maintenance, and compare them with other pool types.
Initial Cost
The initial cost of installing a gunite pool typically ranges between $55,000 and $100,000 for a turnkey installation, which includes essential features. However, in today’s market, it’s rare to find gunite installations for less than $100,000. This price reflects the complexity and custom nature of these pools.
Customization Costs
One of the standout features of gunite pools is their customization potential. Because they can be shaped to any design, depth, or size, the costs can increase quickly. Adding features like waterfalls, custom lighting, or intricate tile work can push the price well past the six-figure mark.
Maintenance Costs
Over time, maintaining a gunite pool can be costly. On average, you might spend over $2,700 a year on maintenance. This includes:
- Chemicals and Electricity: Gunite pools are porous and require more chemicals to keep the water clean compared to fiberglass or vinyl pools.
- Replastering and Acid Washing: Expect to replaster and acid wash the pool every 10-15 years, adding to the long-term costs.
- General Upkeep: Regular cleaning and equipment maintenance are essential to keep your pool in top condition.
Comparison with Other Pools
When comparing gunite pools with other types, such as fiberglass and vinyl liner pools, several differences stand out:
- Fiberglass Pools: These pools are less expensive initially, costing between $28,000 and $50,000. They also require less maintenance, with costs ranging from $5,000 to $15,000 over ten years. Fiberglass pools are quicker to install, often taking just a week.
- Vinyl Liner Pools: These are generally the least expensive option, but the liners need to be replaced every 5-9 years, adding to the maintenance costs.
Here’s a quick comparison table for clarity:
| Pool Type | Initial Cost | Maintenance Cost (10 years) | Installation Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gunite | $100,000+ | $27,000+ | 6-8 weeks |
| Fiberglass | $28,000 – $50,000 | $5,000 – $15,000 | 1 week |
| Vinyl Liner | $35,000 – $65,000 | $11,500 – $17,000 | 2-3 weeks |
Conclusion
While gunite pools offer best customization and durability, they come with higher initial and maintenance costs. It’s important to weigh these factors against your budget and long-term plans for pool use.
In the next section, we’ll address frequently asked questions about gunite pools, including their lifespan and why they are considered an expensive option.
Frequently Asked Questions about Gunite Pools
What is the lifespan of a gunite pool?
A gunite pool is known for its exceptional durability. With proper maintenance, these pools can last up to 100 years. This longevity is due to the strong concrete mixture used in their construction. Regular maintenance, such as resurfacing every 7-10 years, helps to keep the pool in top condition and extend its lifespan.
Why are gunite pools so expensive?
Several factors contribute to the higher cost of gunite pools:
- Skilled Labor: The construction of a gunite pool requires skilled labor, especially for tasks like spraying the gunite and installing rebar.
- Construction Process: Building a gunite pool is a multi-step process that includes excavation, rebar installation, and gunite application. Each step demands precision and expertise.
- Materials: The materials used, such as concrete and rebar, are high-quality and durable, contributing to the overall cost.
How long does it take to build a gunite pool?
The construction of a gunite pool usually takes between 3 to 6 months. This timeline includes:
- Excavation and Rebar Installation: Digging the hole and setting up the steel framework can take a few weeks.
- Spraying Gunite: The application of gunite itself is relatively quick but needs to be done in stages.
- Curing Time: After spraying, the gunite needs about 28 days to cure fully. Bad weather can extend this period.
- Finishing Touches: Once the gunite is cured, finishing touches like plastering, tiling, and installing accessories can take additional weeks.
Understanding these timelines and costs can help you plan better and set realistic expectations when opting for a gunite pool.
Conclusion
A gunite pool offers many benefits, from design flexibility to long-lasting durability. Despite the longer construction time and higher initial cost, the end result is a stunning, custom pool that can last for decades.
At Creative Edge Pools, we specialize in designing and installing gunite pools that match your vision and complement your home. Our comprehensive services include everything from initial backyard design and excavation to the final finishing touches, ensuring a seamless experience from start to finish.
If you’re considering adding a beautiful, durable gunite pool to your backyard, give us a call today. Let’s transform your outdoor space into a paradise you and your family can enjoy for years to come.
